大学生不同体力活动能量消耗和运动效率的研究

Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity Efficiency of College Students during Different Physical Activities

目的:研究大学生不同体力活动能量消耗及运动效率。方法:通过问卷调查、体格检查及血液检查,筛选出从事轻体力活动的健康大学生49名,男性25名,女性24名,采用K4b2便携式心肺功能测定仪测量其进行不同体力活动(慢走、快走、慢跑、骑自行车)时的耗氧量和二氧化碳生成量,用凯式定氮法测量24小时尿氮,利用Weir公式计算能量消耗量。根据能量消耗量(kJ/h/kg)和不同运动形式的运动速度(km/h),计算单位体重单位距离能量消耗值(J/m/kg)来表征运动效率,此值越高,运动效率越低。结果:体力活动平均能量消耗量:慢走12.11±1.84,快走19.00±2.60,慢跑32.99±4.90,骑自行车16.43±2.68;运动效率表征值:慢走3.03±0.47,快走3.17±0.43,慢跑4.12±0.61,骑自行车1.37±0.22;骑车运动效率最高,慢跑最低,慢走与快走的差异无统计学意义。结论:控制体重除参考能量消耗,还可考虑运动效率选择适宜个体的运动方式。

Objective To study the energy expenditure and physical activity efficiency of college students during different physical activities Methods Questionnaire survey,physical and blood examination were performed in 49 healthy college students with light intensity of physical activity.A portable metabolic unit was used to measure their oxygen consumption（VO2） and carbon dioxide production（VCO2） during slow walking,brisk walking,jogging and cycling.The urinary nitrogen excreted within 24 hours was detected by a standard Kjeldahl method.Energy expenditure during different physical activities was calculated by Weir equation.According to the energy expenditure（kJ/h/kg） and speed（km/h） of different modes of physical activities,the energy expenditure was calculated by distance and weight（EEDW,J/m/kg） to represent physical activities efficiency.Results The energy expenditures of slow walking,brisk walking,jogging,and cycling were 12.11±1.84,19.00±2.60,32.99±4.90,and 16.43±2.68,respectively;the EEDWs of slow walking,brisk walking,jogging,and cycling were 3.03±0.47,3.17±0.43,4.12±0.61,and 1.37±0.22,respectively.The highest value of physical activity efficiency revealed in cycling,while the lowest in jogging.There was no statistical difference between the physical activity efficiency between slow and brisk walking.Conclusion Weight controlling program should consider the energy expenditures of different physical activities and thus to select appropriate activities.