第14届世界游泳锦标赛运动员损伤与疾病调查

Sports Injury and Illnesses in the 2011 FINA World Championships

目的:了解高水平游泳运动员在国际赛事中的损伤与疾病发生特点。方法:对第14届世界游泳锦标赛中前往医疗站就诊的运动员的损伤和疾病情况进行登记。医疗站医生收集运动员的医疗报告,每天上报给组委会医疗保障部,比赛结束后统一分析处理。按照国际奥委会损伤疾病监控系统(IOC injury and illness surveillance system)对运动员的损伤和疾病情况进行归类、统计分析,与以往数据比较。结果:整个赛期2165名注册运动员中,172名运动员就诊,运动损伤53例(24‰),女性运动员损伤发生率(n=21,18‰)低于男性(n=32,32‰)。游泳项目的损伤病例数最多(n=20),公开水域项目的损伤发生率最高(50‰)。运动损伤好发部位为头部躯干(35.8%)、下肢(35.8%)。最常见的损伤类型为皮肤擦伤,占全部就诊运动损伤病例的34%。整个赛期共发生疾病99例(46‰),呼吸道感染高发(n=40,40.4%),因牙齿问题到定点医院就诊的运动员人数最多(n=10,8例牙齿疾病,2例外伤导致牙齿断裂)。结果显示:与历届游泳锦标赛相比,本次比赛中运动员损伤发生率大为下降,呼吸系统感染是运动员的最常见疾病。预防牙病和牙齿健康应该得到重视。

Objective To analysis the incidence and characteristics of injury and illness of elite athletes during the 14th Federation Internationale de Natation（FINA） World Championships.Methods During the 14th FINA World Championship,two university-affiliated hospitals were designated for athlete and twenty-nine athlete clinics were allocated in each training and competition venue,as well as official hotels.The athlete medical information was collected through medical form in each on-site clinic and designated hospitals by pre-trained doctors.Injury definition was adopted from IOC Injury Surveillance System.Results Among 2165 registrated athletes,there were 152 athletes visited clinic for medication.Fifty-three were injuries（24 per 1000 registration athletes）.The injury rate of female athletes（n = 21,18 per 1000 athletes） was lower than male（n = 32,32 per 1000 athletes）.Swimming had the most clinical cases（n = 20）,while the Open Water Swimming was the most affected discipline（50 per 1000 athletes）.Head and trunk,and lower limb had the highest incidence of injury（n = 20,38.5%）.Skin contusion was the most common type of injury,consisting 34% of the entire injured cases.The total amount of illness recorded was 99（46 per 1000）,and the respiratory track was the most affected（n = 40,40.4%）.Among all the hospital treated patients,dental problem ranked the highest（n = 10,8 for dental illness and 2 for dental rupture）.Conclusion The injury incidence in 2011 FINA World Championship was lower than 2009.Respiratory infection was still the most common recorded illness in athletes,thus methods to improve environment condition and less infectious risk should be taken into consideration.The results suggested that the athletes and physicians should be aware of the importance of dental health and its prevention.