环境权理论之反思与方法论重构

Review and Methodology Reconstruction of the Theory of Environmental Rights in China

我国的环境权理论大体上可以分为三个流派:广义环境权论、公民环境权论、狭义环境权论。现有环境权理论在权利主体和权利内容方面均存在较大争议。环境权主体方面,环境本身、人类整体、国家和单位是否可以成为环境权主体争议较大;环境权内容方面,环境权是经济性权利还是生态性权利,是实体性权利还是程序性权利,尚未达成共识。环境权研究欲取得突破,需要方法论的重构,即人类中心主义的扬弃、整体主义与个体主义的结合、环境多重价值的认知、体系化方法的引入。

In China, there are approximately three sorts of theories on environmental rights： general environmental right, clvn environmental right, and environmental right in narrow sense. However, there are biggish disputes about the subjects and con- tents of environmental rights. The former involves the eligibility of environment itself, humanity as a whole, the state and institutions while the latter triggers controversies over economic rights or ecologic rights, substantive rights or procedural rights. Breakthroughs in the field require a reconstruction of methodology concerning sublation of anthropocentrism, combination of holism and individualism, cognition of the multi-value of environment, and introduction of systematism.