全球导航卫星系统的星座可见性研究

Research on Constellation Visibility for Global Navigation Satellite System

在GPS和GLONASS(GlobalNavigationSatelliteSystem)的应用研究中 ,为保证系统正常工作 ,导航星座应满足一定的可见性要求。因此 ,首先对提出的最小可见性要求进行了原理性阐述 ;之后 ,基于卫星对地面的覆盖特性 ,给出了导航卫星的可见性定义 ,并推导了一种可见性判据 ;最后 ,针对一种通用的全球导航卫星系统星座 ,用仿真的方法给出了地面和某一海拔高度对该星座的可见性结果 ,确定了海拔高度同星座中可见卫星数目之间的关系 ,从而为全球导航卫星系统在外层空间的应用设计提供了依据。

In the application research of GPS and GLONASS, the requirements of certain visibility for constellations should be satisfied. This paper illustrates the minimum visibility in principle, then presents a definition of visibility for navigation satellites and deduces a judgement accordingly. In the end, based on the constellation of a general global navigation satellite system, the visibility results are provided for the surface of the earth and some altitude height, thus the relationship between altitude and the number of visible satellites in the constellation is determined, and some criterions for the application design of global navigation satellite system in outer space are given also.\;