论中医“精”“神”一体观

View of Holism of Essence and Shen in Traditional Chinese Medicine

中医学根植于中国传统文化,以"看病的人"为主导思想,将人视为具有自然物质属性与精神文化属性的统一体,其"以精为体,以神为主"的精神一体观贯穿始终,故文章首先从中医学的角度梳理精与神的基本概念,分别从积精全神及守神固精两方面论证"精化气生神,神驭气统精"的"精""神"一体观。再深入中国传统文化层面,以道家的无为思想,经内证实修,"炼精化气,炼气化神",将生命的形而上(神、道)与形而下(精、气)融为一体,达到精神与肉体的和谐与自由。最后从科学发展的角度探讨精与神一体的生物电生理机制,构筑精—神相互转化的生命模型假说,并从物质—能量—信息的层面讨论人的物质、精神属性的统一,提出未来融文化与科学于一体的医学发展趋势。

Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）,deeply rooted in Chinese culture,regards the people asking for treatment as its guiding ideology,in which they are seen as a unity of natural quality and spirit-culture quality,and the concept about unity between essence and Shen that man takes essence as form and Shen as leader goes through the whole TCM theory.Thus,this paper begins with distinguishing the connotation of essence and Shen from each other in the sense of TCM,and then proves the concept of holism of essence-Shen that essence can transform into qi and Shen,while Shen can control qi and essence in such two perspectives as accumulating the essence to preserve shen and guarding Shen to consolidate essence.Then further focusing on the traditional Chinese culture,I discuss the Daoists＇＂let things take their own courses＂ideology,who,through self-observation and inner-exercise,practice essence into qi and then into Shen,namely melt the intangible Shen and Tao into the tangible essence and qi,achieving the harmony and freedom of flesh and spirits.Finally,the developing tendency of combining the culture and science is proposed after the discussion of bioelectrical mechanism of holism of essence-Shen from the perspective of modern science,the set-up of a life-model hypothesis of mutual transformation between essence and Shen,and the exploration of human＇s unity between their material attributes and spirit attributes in the level of material-power-information.