一种矿用消波耗能缓冲装置设计及试验初探

DESIGN OF A BUFFER DEVICE FOR ABSORBING WAVES AND ENERGY IN MINING AND ITS PRIMARY EXPERIMENTS

针对采矿支护设备在冲击地压中呈现的损坏问题,利用泡沫金属材料优异的防冲吸能特性,研制一种能够快速消减冲击波、消耗外界冲击能的装置,并通过力学分析和室内试验,对装置的预期功能做了初步的研究和验证,得到较为理想的结果。试验结果表明:装置通过外部弹簧的控制,基本实现100 kN承载力的预期目标;装置可以实现变形让位的功能,即随着压力的增加,卡销最终可以突破最大静摩擦向外扩张,没有发生自锁现象;吸能材料具有良好的抗压强度和较高的吸能效率。此次试验中装置总的吸能量为1 650 J,与理论计算结果 1 550 J相近。该装置的设计与研究,为进一步解决支护设备在冲击地压中呈现的失稳破坏问题、提高支护设备的防冲支护能力打下一定基础。

According to the damage problem of the support equipment for mining when the rockburst happens, using the excellent anti-impact and energy absorption characteristics of the foam metal, a kind of device, which can subtract the shock waves and consume the external impact energy rapidly, is developed. The primary study and verification of the device＇s expecting function has been researched by the mechanical analysis and laboratory experiment; and an ideal result is got. The experimental result shows that： the device can realize the expected target of 100 kN bearing capacity by the external spring＇s control： the device can realize the function of replacing the deformation that the block pin can break through the max static friction and extend outside finally without locking phenomenon happening; absorbing energy material has a good compressive strength and better energy absorption efficiency. The total energy absorption of the device is 1 650 J, which is closed to the theoretical calculation result 1 550 J. The study and design of the device lay a good foundation to further solve the damage problem of the support equipment for mining when the rockburst happens and improve the anti-impact and supporting ability of the support equipment.