现代化进程中的社会分化与整合

Social Differentiation and Integration in a Changing Society

社会分化与整合是现代化的双重逻辑,保持二者之间的均衡,是稳健推进现代化的保证。改革开放以来,中国从过度整合的历史中重启了分化的步伐,有效地增强了社会的异质性,推动了社会的发展,自此,分化的逻辑与现实得到了历史的统一。但是,由于分化与整合的不同步和不均衡性,个体、社会与国家之间很容易出现结构性紧张。在现代化进程中,要寻找分化与整合的均衡,就必须将个体发展、社会和谐和政治现代化统一起来,有步骤地推进"有效容纳、界定秩序、社会建设、政治参与、双向认同"等整合"五步曲",只有这样才能在保证分化秩序的同时,增强个体的适应能力,维护社会稳定,进而推动政治现代化的进程。

Differentiation and integration go as the double logic of the pursuit of modernization.The reform and opening-up re-opened the pace of social differentiation unifying the logic and reality historically,which has been promoting a modern social structure,enhancing the social heterogeneity,increasing social contradictions,and giving rise to cause social structural tensions.The logic for social development should change from the pattern of ＇differentiation-controlled and integration-attained＇ into an interactive balanced ＇differentiation-integration＇ pattern.To achieve this goal,five steps should be taken as follows,to accommodate all social stratum effectively,guarantee social order,promote social construction,expand political participation,and finally attain mutual identification.