鹞落坪自然保护区文县疣螈的生境选择和食性分析

Habitat selection and feeding habits of Tylototriton wenxianensis in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve Yuexi,Anhui

2007年4月～2009年8月对鹞落坪国家级自然保护区文县疣螈(Tylototriton wenx-ianensis)的分布状况进行了调查,并对其生境和食性进行了分析.结果表明,鹞落坪自然保护区内文县疣螈的分布呈"斑块化"和"破碎化"的特点,只在农茶、石屋冲、东冲和包家河4地发现有文县疣螈,平均种群密度为0.180只/m2,农茶最高(0.368只/m2),包家河只有零星分布.对海拔高度、水深、流速、基底类型、植被盖度、干扰距离等生境因子的选择具有较显著差异,较适合的生境为海拔高度1 100～1 400m区间,水深0.3～0.8m,沙石底质,流速小于0.5m/s,植被盖度60～80%的水潭或小溪.主要食饵为节肢动物,占73.0%,其次为环节动物,占23.5%,另有少量软体动物,捕食与生境选择存在一定关系.在分析了保护区影响文县疣螈生境主要因素的同时,提出了保护文县疣螈的措施与对策.

The distribution habitat selection and feeding habits of Tylototriton wenxianensis were studied and analyzed in Yaoluoping Nature Reserve of Anhui Province from April, 2007 to August, 2009. The results showed that the T. wenxianensis were recorded in Nongeha, Shiwuchong, Dongchong, and the Baojia River with patchy and fragmentary distribution. The average population density of T. wenxianensis was about 0. 180 ind · m^-2 , and the highest population density in Nongcha about 0. 368 ind · m^- 2, but nearly zero in the Baojia River. The distributions of Tylototriton wenxianensis significantly related withelevation, water depth, current velocity, bottom nature, herbage cove and distance to disturber. The altitude of 1, 100 - 1 400 m, water depth 0.3-0.8 m, current velocity 0.5 m/s, bottom nature, herbage cove 60 %-80 % were favorable habitat of T. wenxianensis in the Nature Reserve. Their food includes Millipede （73.0 %）, Annelid （23.5 %） and a few Molluscs. Furthermore, some practical measures and suggestions for the resource protection were put forward in this paper.