大学生的归因方式及灵活性与心理健康

Relation of attribution styles and attribution flexibility to mental health in college students

目的:探讨大学生的归因方式及灵活性与心理健康的关系,为大学生心理健康教育提供依据。方法:采用方便取样,选取山东省某大学279名在读大学生,运用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、正性负性情绪量表(PANAS)、乐观量表(LOT-R)及归因方式问卷(ASQ)对心理健康状况、归因方式及灵活性进行调查。结果:不同性别大学生在ASQ的正性事件普遍维度和负性事件的内外维度上以及归因灵活性得分上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),男生得分均高于女生。正性事件内外维度及归因灵活性得分与SDS、SAS及PANAS负性情绪得分均呈负相关(r=-0.42～-0.14,P<0.05或0.01),与PANAS正性情绪和LOT-R得分均呈正相关(r=0.20～0.31,P<0.01);负性事件内外维度得分与SDS、SAS及PANAS负性情绪得分呈正相关(r=0.38、0.26、0.33,均P<0.01),与PANAS正性情绪和LOT-R得分呈负相关(r=-0.17、-0.29,均P<0.01)。回归分析表明,正性事件内外维度与抑郁相关(β=-1.42,P<0.05),归因灵活性与抑郁、焦虑、负性情绪、正性情绪及乐观度相关(β=-6.12、-5.49、-1.84、2.49、1.67;P<0.05或0.01),负性事件内外维度与抑郁、焦虑、负性情绪、正性情绪及乐观度相关(β=4.72、3.09、2.63、-1.45、-1.17;P<0.01)。结论:倾向于把正性事件归因为外在的和暂时的、把负性事件的原因归结为内在的、持续的和普遍的个体会体验到较高的抑郁和焦虑情绪;倾向于把正性事件的原因归结为内在的和持久的、把负性事件归因为外在的和暂时的个体会体验到较高的正性情绪,有着较高的乐观水平;归因灵活性得分低的个体抑郁、焦虑情绪较高,正性情绪、乐观度水平较低。

Objective： To explore the relation of attribution styles and attribution flexibility to mental health in college students. Methods： A convenient sample of 279 college students were investigated with the Self-Rating Depression Scale （SDS）, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale （SAS）, Positive and Negative Affect Scale （PANAS）, Revised Life Orientation Test （LOT-R）, and Attributional Style Questionnaire （ASQ）. Results： The scores of ASQs attribution flexibility, whole-part dimension of positive events and internality-externality dimension of negative events were significantly higher in male students than in females （Ps 〈 0. 05）. The scores of ASQs internality-externality dimension of positive events and attribution flexibility were negatively correlated with SDS total scores, SAS total scores, and scores of PANASs negative mood （r = -0. 42 -0. 14, Ps 〈 0. 05）, and were positively correlated with the scores of PANASs positive mood and LOT-R （r = 0. 20 -0. 31, Ps 〈 0.01 ）. The scores of ASQs internalityexternality dimension of negative events were positively correlated with SDS total scores, SAS total scores, and scores of PANASs negative mood （r = 0. 38, 0. 26, 0. 33; Ps 〈 0. 01 ）, and was negatively correlated with the scores of PANAS s positive mood and LOT-R （ r = - 0. 17, - 0. 29; Ps 〈 0.01 ）. The score of the internality-externalitydimension of positive events had significant correlation with SDS total scores （β = - 1.42, P 〈 0. 05）. The scores of attribution flexibility had significant correlation with depression, anxiety, negative mood, positive mood and optim ism （β = - 6. 12, - 5.49, - 1.84, 2.49, 1.67; Ps 〈 0. 05）. The scores of the internality-externality dimension of negative events had significant correlation with depression, anxiety, negative mood, positive mood and optimism（β =4. 72, 3.09, 2. 63, - t. 45, - 1.17; Ps 〈0. 01）. Conclusion： It suggests that the individuals who tend to attribute positive events to external and specific factors, and tend to attribute negative events to internal, stable, and global factors might have higher levels of depression and anxiety. The individuals who tend to attribute positive events to internal and stable factors, and tend to attribute negative events to external and specific factors might have higher levels of positive mood and optimism. Low explanatory flexibility may be associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety, but lower levels of positive mood and optimism.