美国职业体育劳资关系发展研究——球员工会、集体谈判及劳资争议处理

Labor Relations of Professional Sports in USA——Players' Association,Collective Bargaining and Labor Disputes

对美国4大职业体育联盟劳资关系中球员工会、集体谈判以及劳资争议的处理制度进行了研究。认为,美国职业体育劳资利益关系的对立性是劳资冲突产生的诱发因素,劳资双方类似于一种双边垄断;球员工会的建立为集体议价创造了条件;美国职业体育成为具有明显商业属性的特殊领域,逐步建立了自身的集体谈判机制;劳资争议处理制度主要包括ADR调控机制和劳资争议权调控机制;劳资双方应尽快建立"合作博弈"下的劳资利益平衡机制,确保劳资双方利益的帕累托改进。

Based on analyzing the essence of the labor relations of the four major unions in USA,the players＇ association,collective bargaining and labor disputes are studied.The results showed that the interest in professional sports labor confrontation is the predisposing factor of labor conflicts.Both sides are similar to a bilateral monopoly;the establishment of the players＇ association creates the conditions for collective bargaining.The professional sports have significant commercial properties in special areas,and gradually establish their own mechanism for collective bargaining.Labor disputes mainly includes the ADR mechanism and the labor disputes mechanism.And the employers and employees should establish a ＂cooperative game＂ for the interests of both employers and employees under the balance mechanism to ensure that the Pareto improvement of interests of employers and employees.