体育侵权案中如何适用受害人同意规则

Victim Consent in Sports Tort——A Case Study of Antagonistic Sports

侵权责任法规定的受害人同意规则,在法学界特别是体育法学界中还未得到正确的认识和阐明,司法判决中也未直接引为判据。此前,该规则一脉相承地内涵在民法的权利自由原则、意思自治(包括意志自由和责任自负两个方面)原则和诚信原则之中,司法判决认可其效力,现已有述明法条可资引用。所以,深入全面地阐释、探讨受害人同意规则的含义、责任构成的特点和相关观点,有利于人们正确处理体育侵权案件,有利于正确审理和判决,有利于体育事业的发展。

The victim consent code is regulated by Tort Liability Law has not been clearly defined in the legal field,especially the sports legal field.It is not directly cited as a criterion in judicial decisions.Previously,the content of the code was included in the civil law principle of freedom,autonomy（including freedom of the will and at one’s own risk）,and integrity.An in-depth interpretation of the meaning of the rules of the victim con sent,characteristics and composition of civil liability exemption and the differences between the loss-sharing can help the people handle sports tort.