绵竹市人群血防知识行为区域性差异现状分析

Regional difference of schistosomiasis knowledge and behavior of population in Mianzhu City

目的了解绵竹市人群血防知识知晓和正确行为形成的状况,分析其差异性因素。方法根据绵竹市各镇2010年尚存晚期血吸虫病(晚血)患者数量,随机抽取尚存患者数≥5例(Ⅰ组)、1～4例(Ⅱ组)、0例(Ⅲ组)的乡镇各3个。采用问卷调查方式,分别对乡镇居民、中小学生、乡村医生的血防知识知晓率和正确行为形成率进行调查。结果绵竹市乡镇人群血防知识知晓率为88.12%。其中,Ⅰ组为94.55%,Ⅱ组为88.21%,Ⅲ组为81.10%。人群血防正确行为形成率为68.10%。其中,Ⅰ组为73.18%,Ⅱ组为67.05%,Ⅲ组为63.65%。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组知道如何感染血吸虫的分别为95.99%、89.48%、79.67%,认识钉螺的分别为87.67%、82.54%、73.92%,知道血吸虫病对身体危害的分别为95.68%、93.99%、80.88%,认为自己患血吸虫病对他人没有影响的分别为9.97%、12.83%、15.58%,不知道向何部门报螺的分别为7.91%、11.33%、15.69%,有经常野外大便习惯的分别为6.17%、8.79%、11.38%,经常在沟田或水塘里洗手洗足的分别为58.68%、58.27%、61.22%,不愿意接受血防部门进行血吸虫病检查的分别为5.86%、5.66%、11.49%。结论绵竹市人群整体血防知识行为积极因素占主导地位。因地制宜,突出重点,加强对无晚血病人乡(镇)的血吸虫病危害的宣传是进一步提高全市血防健教水平的有效途径之一。

Objective To understand the status of schistosomiasis knowledge and behavior and analyze the regional difference of population in Mianzhu City.Methods Nine towns were divided into 3 groups,and each group had 3 towns.In Group Ⅰ,there were 5 or more than 5 advanced schistosomiasis patients each town;in Group Ⅱ,there were 1-4 advanced patients each town;in Group Ⅲ,there was no advanced patient.A total of 2 743 residents were investigated with questionnaire in all the 9 towns.Results The overall awareness rate of schistosomiasis control knowledge was 88.12%,and the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control knowledge were 94.55%,88.21% and 81.10% in Group Ⅰ,Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ respectively.The total formation rate of correct behavior was 68.10%,and the formation rates of correct behavior were 73.18%,67.05% and 63.65% in Group Ⅰ,Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ respectively.The awareness rates of schistosome transmission were 95.99%,89.48% and 79.67%;the awareness rates of Oncomelania snails were 87.67%,82.54% and 73.92%;the awareness rates of schistosomiasis harm were 95.68%,93.99% and 80.88%;the rates of residents who thought that schistosomiasis patients did not affect others were 9.97%,12.83% and 15.58%;the rates of residents who did not know the information of the snails should report to which department were 7.91%,11.33%,15.69%;the rates of residents who often had wild bowels were 6.17%,8.79% and 11.38%;the rates of residents who often washed their hands and feet in ditches and ponds were 58.68%,58.27%,61.22%;the rates of residents who would not accept the schistosomiasis checks were 5.86%,5.66%,11.49% in Group Ⅰ,Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ respectively.Conclusion As a whole,the population of Mianzhu City has positive behaviors to schistosomiasis control.We should still enhance the schistosomiasis control education and interventions according to the characteristics of the different townships.