赫胥黎与达尔文主义及生态伦理学的创新

Huxley and His Innovation of Darwinism and Ecological Ethics

赫胥黎对生物进化论作出划时代创新。他汲取古希腊赫拉克利特的直观辩证法,使康德宇宙整体发展观推陈出新。从人类发生学和人猿比较解剖学新视角,重新确定了人在生物界中的位置,使达尔文的人猿同祖论,从"假说"深化为科学的结论。他看到人类社会和生物进化的差别,纠正了社会达尔文主义的错误。他把猿与具有"至善伦理"的人和生物进化相统一,赋予人类保护生态系统义不容辞的社会责任。他由此成为生态伦理学说的开拓者。

Huxley made epoch-making innovations of biological evolution. He absorbed the visual dia- lectics of Heraclitus of ancient Greece and developed new ideas out of Kant＇s whole development view of the universe. He redefined the position of man in the biological world from the new perspective of the origin of human species and the comparative anatomy of human species and apes, and therefore turned Darwin＇s theory of human and ape evolving from the same origin from hypothesis to scientific conclusion. He perceived the evolution differences between human society and biological creatures, and corrected the mistakes of social Darwinism. He integrated apes, man who has ethics and biological evolution, granting human beings the social responsibility of protecting ecological systems. Thus he became a pioneer of ecological ethics.