膳食纤维与人体疾病防治相关性研究的进展

膳食纤维是指不能被人体消化的可食碳水化合物及类似食物,这些物质不能被人体的小肠所消化吸收,但在大肠中可以全部或者部分发酵。[1][2]它包括多糖,低聚糖,木质素和相关的植物物质。膳食纤维的简单分型可以分为溶水性(果胶、树胶、粘胶和储存多糖)和不溶性纤维(纤维素,半纤维素,木质素)等,不管是水溶性还是非水溶性的膳食纤维对人体健康都有着至关重要的影响,可溶性纤维主要影响机体内糖和脂质代谢,可溶性纤维在结肠中发酵产生短链脂肪酸,对脂质代谢产生有益的影响,有利于预防心血管疾病;不溶性纤维也有一个普遍的低发酵功能,它具有被动吸水性,能促进粪便体积增大,软化,有利于肠道有毒物质排出体外。

Dietary fiber can be defined as the edible carbohydrates and similar food which is not digested by the body,these substances cannot be digested and absorbed by the small intestine,but can be wholly or partially fermented in the large intestine.Dietary fiber includes polysaccharides,oligosaccharides,lignin and related plant material.Dietary fiber can be simple divided into water soluble fiber（pectin,gum,mucilage and storage polysaccharide） and insoluble fiber（cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin）,either water-soluble or water-insoluble dietary fiber has a crucial impact on human health.Soluble fiber mainly affects the sugar and lipid metabolism of the body,soluble fiber in colon can produce short chain fatty acids by fermentating,It is beneficial for lipid metabolism and cardiovascular disease prevention;While insoluble fiber also has a low fermentation function,its passive bibulous performance can make fecal volume increasing,softening,and excreting toxic substances from intestinal out of the body.