楚人源于关中平原新证——以清华简《楚居》相关地名的考释为中心

New Evidences of the Chu People from the Guanzhong Plain:Focusing on Some Place:names of the Chu Residence of Tsinghua Bamboos

楚人(族)的起源地及其迁徙路线问题,是一个长期困扰楚史研究者的艰难研究课题。清华简《楚居》的面世,为该问题的解决提供了可能。本文在既有楚人源于关中平原观点的基础上,指出《楚居》12个早期地名皆在今陕西省境内:"畏阝山"即蒉山,在蓝田县境;"穴穷"即镐京,在西安市西;"乔山"即峣山,在蓝田县与商州区之间;"爰陂"即原陂,在蓝田县境;"汌水"即灌水,今赤水河;"方山"即华山,今华山山脉;"盘"即蕃,"京宗"即郑荆,皆在华县境;"哉水"即兹水,今灞河;"屈"即冢,今商州区境;"鄀"即上鄀,在洛河、丹江上游;"夷屯"即丹阳,今商州区境。这些地名位置的落实,为楚人源于关中平原的观点提供了新的证据,为楚文化之谜的破译奠定了新的历史地理基础。

The origin and the migratory routes of the Chu people,is a topic which had been puzzling the researcher of Chu history until today.It is possible to have the problem settled while the Chu Residence of Tsinghua Bamboos was found.On the basis of view which the Chu people originated from the Guanzhong Plain,this paper pointed out that the forward twelve place-names in the Chu Residence all located in Shaanxi Province.＂Weishan＂ equal to Guishan,an offshoot of Mt.Qinling range,in Lantian County.＂Xueqiong＂ equal to Haojing,in the west of Xi＇an City.＂Qiaoshan＂ equal to Yaoshan,an offshoot of Mt.Qinling range,in Lantian County to Shangzhou Area.＂Yuanbei＂ equal to Yuanpo,in Lantian County.＂Chuanshui＂ equal to Guanshui,today＇s Chishui River,a tributary of the Wei River.＂Fangshan＂ equal to Mt.Huashan.＂Pan＂ equal to Fan,＂Jingzong＂ equal to Zhengjing,in Hua County.＂Zhaishui＂ equal to Zishui,today＇s Ba River,a tributary of the Wei River.＂Qu＂ equal to Zhong,in Shangzhou Area.＂Ruo＂ equal to Shangruo,in the upper reaches of Luo River and Dan River.＂Yitun＂ equal to Danyang,in Shangzhou Area.By the location of the place-names being fixed,the view of the Chu people originated from the Guanzhong Plain uncovered new evidences,and the answer of the puzzle of Chu culture laid a new foundation of historical geography.