赋役制度与政区边界——基于明清湘鄂西地区的考察

The Taxation and Administrative Division: Based the Western of Hunan and Hubei Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

在湘鄂西地区,从明初至清雍正年间,土司、卫所等特殊形式的政区与经制州县政区在地理空间上都是彼此毗邻乃至交错的。不同类型的政区意味着不同的赋役制度与管理方式,在土司、卫所与州县势力彼此消长的背景下,更导致了种种土地纠纷与赋役规避问题。清雍正间,通过改卫归流与改土归流,三者之间的土地与赋役纠纷随着卫所、土司的取消与州县政区主体地位的确立而逐渐消弭。

Chieftain, Wei-suo, the state and county,the special and the general divisions which borders generally or intertwined in some extreme cases each other in the Western of Hunan and Hubei Provinces from the Ming to the Yongzheng era in the Qing Dynasty. Generally, different types division means the different taxes and corvee systems and the management modes, which led to land disputes and tax avoidance in the background of various administrative divisions which are rised and fallen, intertwined and interact each other. By system reformed of Chieftains to Bureaucrats and Wei-so to Bureaucrats, the land disputes and the tax avoidance which are disappeared for Wei-so and chieftain＇s cancel and the subject position that the state and county was established in the Yongzheng era.