景宁县2009-2010年出生缺陷监测结果分析

Analysis of monitoring results of birth defects in Jingning county in 2009 and 2010

目的分析浙江省景宁县出生缺陷的发生状况和影响因素,为制定和评价预防措施提供依据。方法对景宁县内4家医院依据《景宁县出生缺陷监测方案》要求上报的2009年和2010年出生缺陷监测数据进行汇总,分析出生缺陷的发生率、缺陷类型、发生出生缺陷儿母亲孕期情况,并跟踪随访。结果共监测景宁县两年中2 443例围产儿,出生缺陷26例,总出生缺陷发生率为10.64‰,其中单发缺陷23例,多发缺陷3例,缺陷类型前五位为多指、先天性心脏病、唇裂、腭裂、脑膨出。男性围产儿出生缺陷率为9.31‰,女性为12.13‰,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2009年监测1 282例,出生缺陷率为7.02‰(9例),2010年监测1 161例,出生缺陷率14.64‰(17例)。结论景宁县出生缺陷呈上升趋势,与围产期产前诊断和出生后早期诊断技术增高有关;主要影响因素是母亲孕期患病、服药及遗传等;加强孕前保健,提高婚前医学检查质量,开展产前筛查工作,和预防出生缺陷知识的宣传是减少出生缺陷发生的关键和有效措施。

Objective To analyze incidence of birth defects in Jingning county and relevant influential factors for the development and evaluation of preventive measures.Methods Birth defects monitoring data were obtained from 4 hospitals in 2009 and 2010 in Jingning county following guidelines of Birth defects monitoring program of Jingning county.The data were analyzed including the incidence of birth defects,defect type,occurrence of birth defects of mothers during pregnancy and all the cases were followed up.Results In two years,the total incidence rate of birth defects was 1.064%,in a total of 26 cases of birth defects,23 were single defect and 3 were multiple defects.Defect types included five multiple fingers,congenital heart disease,cleft lip,cleft palate,encephalocele.Conclusions Birth defects show a trend of increase in this county.This is most likely due to improvement of technology in perinatal prenatal diagnosis and early postnatal diagnosis.Influential factors that may cause birth defects include maternal illness,unsafe medications during pregnancy and maternal genetic factor.These results indicate that it is necessary to enhance pre-pregnancy care,improve the quality of premarital medical examination,pay attention to genetic consulting and prenatal health care,especially in early pregnancy care.It is also necessary to carry out prenatal screening and improve knowledge on birth defects prevention so as to reduce the occurrence of birth defects.