浅析古代中国利欲观的特点

The Traits of the Ideas on Material Benefit Desires of Human Beings in Ancient China

利欲观是古代中国经济思想的重要组成部分。它有三个重要的特点:一是普遍肯定好利是人的本性,这反映了中国古代思想家具有的经验务实精神;二是对人之好利本性的态度从历史早期的多元共存演变为中后期的一元独尊,封建专制在这种转化中起了重要作用;三是言利与言义常密切结合,不乏先利后义论,但先义后利论恒居主流。中国传统思想家普遍惧怕公开言利,从根本上讲是对自给自足自然经济生产力的狭隘性与脆弱性的反映。

The concept of Human Beings＇ Material Benefit Desires was an important part of the ancient Chinese economic thoughts, which had three important features. First, it made certain that the desire for interests was human nature, which reflec- ted the experience of pragmatism of the ancient thinkers. Second, the attitude to the nature of interests liking changed from multi - component orientations in the early historical period to unitary orientation in the mid and late period, during which feudal au- tocracy played a major role in terms of this conversion. Third, interests and justice were closely connected. Though sometimes interests were given priority over justice but most of the time, justice was considered more important than interests. Generally, traditional Chinese thinkers were afraid of making public comments on interests, which fundamentally reflected the narrowness and fragility of the productivity of the self - sufficient natural economy.