商代原始瓷分区与分期略论

The Regionalization and Periodization of the Proto-Porcelain of the Shang

商代原始瓷主要出土于浙江、河南两省,尤以浙江为主;江苏、福建、山东、河北、山西、陕西诸省亦有少量的发现。在以浙江为中心的东南地区,原始瓷主要出土于城址、遗址、墓葬、窑址中,可分为五期,贯穿整个商代,可据此初步建立太湖地区较为完整的商代原始瓷编年序列;在以河南为代表的中原地区,原始瓷基本出土于大型都城遗址和高等级墓葬,亦可分为五期,第四期也即商代晚期前段与东南地区的第四期始有交集,第五期也即商代晚期后段较东南地区的第五期持续时间长;另外,江西等长江中游地区和福建、广东的闽南粤东地区还出土有一批带釉的器物,胎、釉均不稳定,时代相对较晚。浙江省原始瓷种类较丰富、数量众多、质量较高,并且发现了大规模的原始瓷窑址群,可初步判定为商代原始瓷生产与使用的中心地区。

Most of the proto-porcelains of the Shang era were discovered in Zhejiang and Henan, particularly the former, with few in other regions including Jiangsu, Fujian, Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi. In the southeast regions, of which Zhejiang is a centre, the proto-porcelains were mainly unearthed from ancient sites of cities, tombs and kilns, and can be divided as of five periods spanning throughout the Shang Dynasty, based on which, a chronology of the Shang proto-porcelains in the area of Taihu Lake can be preliminarily worked out. In the central regions, of which Henan is a representative, the proto-porcelains, which can also be grouped as of five periods, were mainly discovered in large-scale sites of ancient capitals and high-class tombs. The proto-porcelains of central regions started to share some similarities with that of the southeast regions from their fourth period. The fifth period of southeast regions covers longer time than that of the central regions. Glazed objects were unearthed from the middle reach of the Yangtze River, including .liangxi, and the areas around Fujian and Guangdong dating back to a relative late time. The proto-porcelains unearthed from Zhejiang enjoy a broader variety, bigger quantity and better quality. A large number of proto-porcelain kiln sites are also found in Zhejiang. Hence, it is believed that Zhejiang was the centre for proto-porcelain production and consumption.