冬季天津家庭室内空气颗粒物中邻苯二甲酸酯污染研究

Phthalate Esters Pollution in Household Indoor Air Particles of Tianjin in Winter

为了解我国家庭住宅室内空气颗粒物中邻苯二甲酸酯的污染程度,采集天津市13户家庭住宅冬季室内空气颗粒物PM10、PM2.5样品,采用GC/MS分析了DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP、DEHP、DOP等6种邻苯二甲酸酯.结果表明,室内空气颗粒物中DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP、DEHP这5种邻苯二甲酸酯在所有家庭均被检出,DOP在部分家庭检出.其中,DBP和DEHP为主要污染物.PM10和PM2.5中的6种物质占ΣPAEs颗粒相的比例规律相同,DBP和DEHP较大,分别为13.92%～91.50%、5.56%～85.08%和20.88%～93.95%、5.53%～75.90%;其次是DMP、DEP和BBP,DOP最小.不同粒径颗粒物上PAEs的分布显示,大多数PAEs易吸附在粒径较小的细粒子PM2.5上;结合调查问卷分析表明,冬季室内空气颗粒物上PAEs污染主要来源于室内,受房间的装修时间、装修特点、生活习惯、吸烟、烹饪、塑料制品使用量、室内清洁度和温度等因素的影响.

To investigate the pollution of phthalate esters in household indoor air,PM10 and PM2.5 were sampled from 13 houses in Dec.2010 in Tianjin.Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry（GC-MS） method was applied to analyze DMP,DEP,DBP,BBP,DEHP,DOP.The results showed that DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP and DEHP were detected in all samples while DOP was determined in part of samples.DBP,DEHP were the main pollutants.The ratios for the concentrations of each pollutant to PAEs in PM10 and PM2.5 were calculated.The values for DBP（13.92%-91.50%,20.88%-93.95%） and DEHP（5.56%-85.08%,5.53%-75.90%） were higher,and then came DMP,DEP,BBP and DOP.The distributions of six PAEs in different diameter air particles indicated,most PAEs were concentrated in PM2.5.Based on the questionnaire,concentrations of PAEs in indoor air particle mainly were not only affected by time and characteristics of decoration,living habit,smoking,cooking and plastic products used and so on,but also influenced by indoor cleanness and temperature.