不同有机物料对土壤碳氮含量及紫甘蓝产量的影响

Effect of Different Organic Materials on the Soil Content of Carbon and Nitrogen and the Yield of Purple Cabbage

设计不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CM)、施玉米秸秆+鸡粪(SM)、施草炭+鸡粪(PM)、施蘑菇渣(MM)和施高量鸡粪(HM)6个处理的大田试验,探讨不同有机物料对新建蔬菜大棚土壤碳氮含量及紫甘蓝产量的影响。结果表明:各处理碳、氮分解残留率的大小顺序为MM>PM>CM>HM>SM。各处理均能提高土壤有机碳、活性有机碳、全氮和铵态氮的含量。其中MM、PM处理土壤有机碳和活性有机碳含量显著高于CK处理和常规施肥处理,有机碳含量比空白处理提高36.64%以上,活性有机碳含量提高31.90%以上;HM、PM、MM处理土壤全氮、铵态氮含量显著高于CK处理,全氮含量比空白处理提高18.89%以上,铵态氮含量提高92.74%以上;土壤硝态氮含量仅HM、PM处理高于CK处理,而CM、SM、MM处理都低于CK处理。施用有机物料也能提高紫甘蓝的产量,其中以HM、MM处理产量最高,增产20%以上。综合考虑紫甘蓝产量及土壤碳、氮等指标以MM处理效果最好,因此注重粪肥与菇渣等有机物料的配合施用能提高新建大棚土壤碳素和氮素含量,改善土壤肥力,有利于紫甘蓝增产。

Through 6treatment field trials including without fertilization（CK）,normal fertilization（CM）,corn straw plus manure（SM）,peat plus chicken manure（PM）,mushroom residue plus chicken manure（MM） and high level of manure（HM）,the effect of different organic materials on the content of carbon and nitrogen in the soil of newly built greenhouse as well as the yield of purple cabbage were studied.The results showed that the order among the treatment of carbon,nitrogen residue decomposition rate was MMPMCMHMSM.All treatment could increase soil organic carbon,reactive organic carbon,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content.Among them the ability of MM and PM in treatment soil organic carbon and reactive organic carbon was significantly higher than CK treatment,and organic carbon content increased more than 36.64%comparing to CK,active organic carbon content increased more than 31.90%;HM,PM and MM was more active in treatment total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen was significantly higher than CK,and total nitrogen levels increased more than 18.89%,ammonium nitrogen content increased more than 92.74%;Only HM and PM was higher than CK treatment concerning nitrate while CM,SM and MM treatment were all lower than CK treatment.Application of organic materials could improve the output of purple cabbage,of which HM,MM treatment had the highest yield,an increase of more than 20%.After considering the purple cabbage yield and soil carbon,nitrogen and other indicators,best effects could be obtained through MM processing.Therefore,the combined application of manure and mushroom residue and other organic materials could increase soil carbon and nitrogen content of newly built canopy,improve soil fertility,thus helping purple cabbage production.