环境规制约束下企业发展的空间布局选择

环境规制对企业的生存和发展有着巨大的影响,企业在空间布局方面应采取怎样的行为予以应对,迫切需要人们加以思考和探讨。研究认为,环境规制约束下企业发展的空间布局选择有两种:企业迁移和企业集聚。一般而言,在对污染密集企业的处罚程度存在差异、各国各地区环境规制松紧不同、所在地环境成本对企业发展形成严重制约的情况下,企业应考虑作出向环境成本较低地区迁移的选择。在可以实现资源循环利用、环境成本降低、信息传递和服务便捷、专业化劳动力与技术在特定地理区域内能被利用等情况下,一些具有内在关联的企业应考虑作出向特定区域进行一定程度的集聚,以形成生态产业园区的选择。

Environmental regulation has a huge impact on the survival and development of enterprises.It is urgent for enterprises to think about and explore the ways to dealing with spatial layout.Studies indicate that under the restraint of environmental regulations there are two choices of enterprise spatial layout： enterprise migration and enterprise clustering.In general,companies should consider making a choice of migrating to lower environmental cost areas,when they face different punishment for pollution-intensive enterprises,different environmental regulations in the different countries and regions and serious constrains on enterprise development posed by local environmental cost.If resource recycling,environmental cost decreasing,information transferring,convenient service,specialized labors and technologies in special geographical region are available,some enterprises which have inner relationship should considerate making the choice of forming clustering in the special region to construct ecological industry park.