基于遥感和GIS的青海湖流域冻融侵蚀研究

Freezing-Thawing Erosion in the Qinghai Lake Basin Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

依据1∶100万西宁幅地貌图,获取了青海湖流域冻融侵蚀界线.利用遥感和GIS方法获得了流域内地形、年降水量、年均气温、土地覆被类型、土壤类型5个评价因子数据,在GIS中通过建模及空间分析,获得了青海湖流域冻融侵蚀强度等级类型及空间分布信息.结果表明:研究区冻融侵蚀发生的总面积是14 875km2,其中,轻度侵蚀和中度侵蚀居多,分别占冻融侵蚀总面积的28.75%和62.57%;剧烈侵蚀和强烈侵蚀占少部分,分别占冻融侵蚀总面积的3.33%和0.76%.

By analyzing 1∶100 million geomorphologic map of Xining,the freezing-thawing erosion boundaries of Qinghai Lake are acquired.In this paper,RS and GIS was used to obtain the data of five evaluation factors within the basin,including annual precipitation,annual mean air temperature,slope,elevation,and land types.With GIS tools such as modeling and spatial analysis,freezing-thawing erosion intensity and information of spatial distribution within the basin are got in the paper.The results show that： in the study area,the total area of freezing-thawing erosion is 14 875 km2,of which most are mild and moderate erosion area,accounting for 28.75% and 62.57%,respectively.Sever and strong erosion,accounting for 3.33% and 0.76%,respectively,occupy a small part.