环境中氟喹诺酮类抗生素残留检测和去除研究进展

Review of the determination of fluoroquinolones in the environment and its removal from the sewage

环境样品中的氟喹诺酮类抗生素(FQs)残留浓度低,干扰因素复杂,其检测需要采用多个预处理步骤,固相萃取回收率和重现性好,在实际样品预处理中常采用。检测方法包括毛细管电泳分析法、酶联免疫吸附法以及LC与ECD、FLD、UV、MS联用等。毛细管电泳法速度快,敏度低,检出限高;酶联免疫吸附法检测速度快,但存在交叉反应。高效液相色谱联用质谱检测(HPLC-MS/MS)灵敏度高,选择性好,是比较理想的分析方法。FQs污染物降解方法包括污泥吸附、光降解和高级氧化。光降解和高级氧化技术成本较高,反应副产物可能存在环境风险。污泥颗粒吸附FQs效果好,吸附FQs后,污泥颗粒可通过高温碳化活化制备活性炭,使FQs在高温下得到较彻底降解的同时,实现污泥的资源化利用,是较具前景的去除FQs的方法。

The present paper aims to give a general revision of methods for determining the fluoroquinolones in the environment and its removal from sewage.Since many preprocessing steps are needed to determine the fluoroquinolone antibiotics（FQs） in environment for the low concentration level and complicated interference factors,the sample preparation methods to be used include SPE,DLLME,SFE,UAE,MAE,ASE to determine the fluoroquinolone antibiotics（FQs）.However,in practical terms the solid phase extraction is commonly used as the pretreatment method for its perfect recovery and reproducibility.This method also offers a lot of advantages,including simplicity,fast-speed and greater sensitivity.So far as the analysis methods of FQs are concerned,the favorite methods may include capillary zone electrophoresis electrospray,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the LC combined with ECD,FLD,UV,MS.As to the capillary zone electrophoresis（CZE）,as a method,it enjoys such advantages as time saving,low sensitivity and high detection limits.Though the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is fast to determinate,more derivatization steps are involved,which can be a problem of cross-reactivity.Therefore,so far as we know,the optimal analytical method is the high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry detection（HPLC-MS/MS） because of its fine selectivity and sensitivity.The removal methods of FQs pollutants in water include mainly sludge adsorption,photo-degradation and advanced oxidation processes while volatilization and hydrolysis are neglectable.The adsorption of FQs on sludge is the main approach to FQs removal from the sewage,whose adsorption capacity decreasing with the increase in divalent cations（Ca2＋ and Mg2＋）.The photo-degradation method can cause reactions to defluorination and decarboxylation,which can be promoted by adding alkali and phosphate,though it is scarcely affected by the divalent cations.FQs can be decomposed by the advanced oxidation processes for its generation of very reactive hydroxyl radicals,on which pH has great effects.All in all,the sludge adsorption is a highly effective method,whose removal efficiency（RE） can reach 70%（NOR,CIP）.And the sludge that can adsorb FQs can also be transformed into activated carbons through some processes at high temperatures,in addition to degrading FQs.Therefore,the sludge adsorption is a highly promising process for FQs＇ removal.