文学到电影的置换旅程——以影片《贫民窟的百万富翁》的改编为例

The Transformation Journey from Literature to Film─The Adaptation of Slumdog Millioniare

从文学到电影的旅行涉及小说作者、电影导演及观众等不同主体,其改编过程包括忠实于源的翻译和意义再生的置换。翻译即外部语言之间或媒体符号之间的转渡;而置换包括以导演为主导的输出置换和由观众完成的接受置换。本文以电影《贫民窟的百万富翁》为例,从素材、结构、人物形象、细节等反面探讨了从文学文本到电影的旅行路径。导演由原文学剧本出发的翻译和置换,传播者和观众在接受和再传播的过程中产生的解读偏差,耦合并最终导致了文本到电影行走出的距离。

Literature-to-film adaptation process involves a combination of two approaches： translation and transformation. The shift from a verbal sign-system to a visual system inevitably creates difference, so a cinematic translation of a novel by the director can never be faithful. Spectators also participate in creating new meaning by responding in accord with their own construction and experiences. In this way, directors modify the original literary text into versions that will be modified in turn by spectators. These two removes from the original text creates the distance from literature and film. In appropriating and displacing the novel, an inescapable transformation occurs, including the representation transformation （the director） and the reception transformation （the audience）. This paper explores literature-to-film adaptation process with the example of the film Slumdog Millionaire from the perspectives of materials, structure, characters and details to illustrate that both the director and the audience contribute to the transformation outcome of a film.