生物柴油树种油脂脂肪酸组成对燃料特性的影响

Influence of fatty acid composition of woody biodiesel plants on the fuel properties

以目前中国主要开发或具有开发潜能的10种生物柴油树种为研究对象,分析其果实或种子油脂脂肪酸组成对合成生物柴油燃料特性的影响。结果表明,木本植物生物柴油产品十六烷值、碘值、氧化安定性等燃料特性主要由原料油脂肪酸的不饱和度决定,脂肪酸不饱和度低于133.13,十六烷值(GB/T 20828-2007)和碘值(EN 14214)就可以达标。生物柴油产品冷滤点随着长碳链饱和脂肪酸的增加而升高,脂肪酸饱和碳链长度因子分别小于8.41和2.72时,可以满足冷滤点0℃和-10℃的要求。高品质生物柴油的原料中应该具有较高的单元不饱和脂肪酸含量。通过油脂脂肪酸单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的组成绘制出生物柴油特性三角预测图,为预测生物柴油产品燃料特性提供参考依据。

Ten major trees that can be used as the potential raw materials of biodiesel are taken as the research objects,and the influence of their fruit or seeds＇ fatty acid composition on the biodiesel was studied.The results showed that the fuel properties such as cetane number,idodine number and oxidation stability were mainly determined by the degree of unsaturation of raw oils fatty acid.When the degree of unsaturation of raw oils fatty acid was lower than 133.13,cetane number（GB/T 20828-2007） and iodine number（EN 14214） could be up to the standards.With the increase of the long chain saturated fatty acids,cold filter plugging point of the biodiesel product tended to be higher.When the chain length saturated factors less than 8.41 and 2.72,it could meet the standards of 0 ℃ and-10 ℃ of cold filter plugging point.The raw materials for high-quality biodiesel should have high content of monounsaturated fatty acids.Basis on the study of the compositions of monounsaturated,polyunsaturated and saturated methyl esters,a triangular prediction graph for biodiesel fuel properties was worked out,which could provide references for the prediction of the fuel properties of biodiesel product.