广州市绿地应急避灾能力研究

Study on sheltering function of urban green space in case of emergency in Guangzhou City

利用GIS进行空间分析,对广州市12个区(县)绿地进行信息提取、分类、可视化处理,并分析其城市绿地有效避灾空间的组成、结构和分布情况,并引入绿地多样性指数(H)、均匀度(E)、破碎度(C)3个景观生态学指标,对其绿地应急避灾场所的景观格局进行探索。结果表明:2010年,广州市绿地覆盖率达77.8%,人均绿地面积为575.66 m2,有效避灾绿地的服务面积比为49%,全市避灾绿地的多样性指数(H)为1.079 8,均匀度指数(E)为0.778 9,破碎度(C)为84.458 3,整体上较能满足居民应急避灾需求,但个别区(县)由于人口、经济相对密集,城市化水平较高,对绿地的破坏程度相对较高,造成避灾绿地系统破碎度大。

The urban green space of 12 districts（counties） in Guangzhou City was statistically analyzed and classified.And the constitution,construction and distribution of the green space for sheltering were also analyzed combined with applying GIS technology and landscape ecological index such as diversity index（H）,evenness index（E） and fragmentation index（C）.The results showed that in the year of 2010,the coverage rate of green space was 77.8%,the green space area per capita was 575.66 m2,and the area rate of the effective green space for sheltering was 49%.Additionally,the diversity index（H）,evenness index（E） and fragmentation index（C） of the green space for sheltering in Guangzhou was 1.079 8,0.778 9 and 84.4583 respectively,which could satisfy the people requirement of avoiding disaster in case of emergency.But in several districts（counties）,the damage degree of green space was relatively high,which caused the fragmentation of the green space for sheltering was high.