老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平及影响因素分析

Self-management of Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Influencing Factors

目的研究老年2型糖尿病患者自我管理水平及其影响因素。方法采用基本资料问卷和2型糖尿病自我管理水平量表,以方便抽样法,对门诊203例老年2型糖尿病患者的自我管理水平进行调查。结果 203例老年2型糖尿病患者中,自我管理行为总分为(68.53±16.12)分,总体处于中等水平,只有21.2%的老年人具有良好的自我管理水平,自我管理水平6个分量表得分由高到低依次为:药物管理、饮食管理、运动管理、足部护理、高低血糖处理、血糖监测,且接受糖尿病教育、不在岗、无并发症、不吸烟人群的自我管理行为总分分别高于未接受过糖尿病教育、在岗、有并发症、吸烟人群(P<0.05),而性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、付费方式、家庭收入、家族史、治疗方式及糖化血红蛋白达标率等对自我管理行为总分的影响均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论老年2型糖尿病患者的自我管理水平有待提高。护理人员应积极开展个体化、系统的自我管理健康教育,进行针对性的干预,充分调动患者的主观能动性,提高相关知识水平,从而提高治疗效果和生活质量,降低医疗费用支出。

Objective To study the self-management of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and its influencing factors.Methods A general information questionnaire and self-management scale were applied among 203 elderly type 2 diabetic patients through convenient sampling.Results The total score of self-management behavior of patients was（68.53±16.12）,which indicated their self-management remained in the middle level and only 21.2% of the elderly with good self-management.All subscales scoring from high to low in turn were medicine,diet control,exercise,foot care,treatment of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia and blood glucose monitoring,and the scores of patients with diabetes education,unemployed,those without complications,non-smokers were higher than the scores of those lack of diabetes education,on-the-job,those with complications and smokers（P0.05）,whereas gender,education,marital status,family income,ways of payment,family medical history,treatment methods and glycosylated hemoglobin standard rate exerted no significant influence on self-management（P0.05）.Conclusion Self-management of elderly patients with type 2 diabetes needs to be improved.Effective efforts should be made to promote patients＇ knowledge and eventually improve their quality of life.