装修后办公大楼空气中有机物污染状况及健康效应研究

Investigation of Organic Compounds Contamination in Office Buildings after Decoration and Its Healthy Effects

目的了解装修竣工后不同时期办公大楼空气中主要挥发性有机物的污染状况及对人群健康的影响,为制定相应的防制对策提供依据。方法选择25幢装修竣工后不同时期的办公大楼,分别于装修竣工后30 d、1年、2年,测定室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、TVOC的浓度,同时对办公人员健康状况进行调查。结果甲醛在装修后1年的浓度最高,均值为(0.220±0.050)mg/m3,装修后2年的甲醛平均浓度仍显著地高于对照组(P<0.01)。而苯系物和TVOC的浓度在装修后30 d最高,以后逐渐降低。甲苯、二甲苯平均浓度严重超标,分别超出我国《室内空气质量标准》最高容许浓度的16.2、13.1倍,苯和TVOC浓度超标相对较少。装修竣工时间越短,皮肤和上呼吸道刺激的发生率就越高,但眼部刺激症状的最高发生率却出现在装修后1年的时段里,而且在1年以上的发生率仍显著地高于对照组。结论办公大楼装修能造成室内严重挥发性有机物污染,对办公人员健康危害较大。

Objective To investigate the contamination status of main volatile organic compounds in office buildings in different periods after decoration and their healthy effects,and provide evidence for framing corresponding countermeasures.Methods 25 office buildings in different periods after decoration were selected.The concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene,methylbenzene,dimethylbenzene and total volatile organic compounds（TOVC） were measured at 30 days,one year and two years after decoration,and the healthy status of officers in these buildings was investigated.Results The concentration of formaldehyde was highest in one year after decoration,and the mean was 0.220±0.050 mg/m3.Two years after decoration,the average concentration of formaldehyde was still higher than that of control group（P0.01）.But the concentrations of benzene series and TVOC were highest at 30 days after decoration and decreased gradually thereafter.The mean concentrations of methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene exceeded the standard limits greatly,16.2 and 13.1 times higher than the maximal allowance concentration set in Indoor Air Quality Standard.The concentrations of benzene and TVOC exceeded the standard limits less.For healthy status,the shorter the time after decoration,the greater the incidence of skin and upper airway irritation.But the highest incidence of eye irritation occurred within one year after decoration and the incidence was still significantly higher than that of controls one year post decoration.Conclusions Decoration of office buildings can result in serious indoor contamination by volatile organic compounds.It is harmful to the health of officers.