黔东南州2005-2010年流行性乙型脑炎流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Japanese B Encephalitis in Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2005 to 2010

目的探讨黔东南州乙脑的流行规律及疫情趋势,为有效控制乙脑的流行,制定乙脑防控措施提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对黔东南州2005-2010年乙脑疫情资料进行分析。结果黔东南州2005-2010年乙脑发病391例,发病率为1.59/10万。发病有明显季节性,91.56%的病例集中在6-8月。年龄以<10岁的儿童为主,占81.84%,男性发病率高于女性。职业以散童和学生为多。结论黔东南州自2006年将乙脑疫苗纳入免疫规划后,乙脑发病率呈下降趋势,但散发病例时有发生,从江、凯里等县市发病率还较高,因此黔东南州乙脑预防工作不容乐观,要采取疫苗接种、防蚊灭蚊等综合措施降低乙脑发病。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of Japanese B encephalitis（JE） in Qiandongnan Prefecture,and to provide the evidence for making the strategies of JE control and prevention.Methods JE data of Qiandongnan Prefecture from 2005 to 2010 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 391 JE cases were reported in Qiandongnan Prefecture during the years of 2005-2010.The average incidence was 1.59/100,000.The morbidity had obvious seasonal feature.91.56% cases occurred during June to August.81.84% cases were children less than 10 years old.The incidence for males was higher than that for females.Most cases were scattered children and students.Conclusions Since JE vaccine was included in immunization program in 2006,JE incidence declined year by year.However,sporadic cases were reported frequently.The incidence is still high in some counties such as Congjiang and Kaili.Therefore,the JE control and prevention in Qiandongnan is not optimistic.Comprehensive measures,like vaccine inoculation,repelling and killing mosquitoes should be adopted to reduce the incidence of Japanese B encephalitis.