护士职业倦怠与职业紧张的关系研究

Research on Relationship Between Occupational Burnout and Occupational Stress Among Nurses

目的探讨护士职业倦怠与职业紧张的关系及职业倦怠的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样的方法对辽宁省三级甲等医院的护士进行问卷调查。应用T检验、单因素方差分析、Logistic回归分析护士职业倦怠的影响因素。结果单因素分析结果显示年龄、婚姻状况、夜班、每周工作时间、护患关系均对护士的职业倦怠有影响。Logistic回归分析结果显示付出-回报与职业倦怠的情绪衰竭维度以及消极怠慢维度呈密切相关(P<0.001),且紧张程度越高,对这两个维度的解释力越大。而在个人成就感维度,只有高紧张型护士的得分较低紧张型护士明显降低(P<0.001)。结论职业紧张、年龄、夜班、护患关系是影响护士职业倦怠的重要因素,医院管理人员应根据此结果制定更科学的人力资源管理政策以预防或减少职业倦怠。

Objective To study the relationship between occupational burnout and occupational stress and to explore the factors influencing occupational burnout among hospital nurses.Methods With stratified cluster sampling method,the nurses selected from third-level grade A hospitals of Liaoning Province were surveyed by questionnaires.T-test,one-way ANOVA,and Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the influencing factors of occupational burnout.Results Univariate analysis showed that the nurses＇ occupational burnout was significantly influenced by age,marital status,night shift,working time per week and the relationship between nurses and patients.Logistic regression analysis showed that effort-reward was positively associated with emotional exhaustion and cynicism（P0.001）.The higher level of occupational stress the nurses experienced,the higher level of emotional exhaustion and cynicism the nurses had.As for personal accomplishment,only the nurses with high occupational stress（high-effort/low-reward） had significantly lower scores compared to the nurses with low occupational stress（low-effort/high-reward）,（P0.001）.Conclusions Occupational stress,age,night shift and the relationship between nurses and patients are the important factors influencing occupational burnout among the nurses.Hospital administrators should make more scientific human resource management policies to prevent or decrease the nurses＇ occupational burnout based on the findings of this study.