不同分级液压冲击脑损伤模型的建立

Establishment of graded fluid percussion model of experimental brain injury in rats

目的建立不同分级液压冲击脑损伤动物模型，比较其病理学变化。方法采用0．1、0．2、0．3MPa3的种不同打击压力，制作不同分级大鼠液压冲击脑损伤模型，观察生命体征变化、比较死亡率，观察造模后1、6、12、24h、3、7d时神经功能评分和脑水含量，比较其组织学演变。结果应用0．1MPa冲击，动物出现一过性呼吸减弱，死亡率2．08％，神经功能评分最低降至（7．17±0．75），但恢复较快，脑含水量最高达（81．12±0．03），脑损伤仅累及冲击伤处脑皮层的浅层；应用0．2MPa冲击，动物呼吸暂停时间（10．88±2．69）s，死亡率4．17％，神经功能评分最低降至（4．83±0．75），脑水含量最高达（82．74±1．11），脑损伤深达海马结构；应用0．3MPa冲击，大鼠呼吸暂停时间（20．60±3．02）s，死亡率16．67％，神经功能评分最低降至（2．67±0．52），而且恢复较慢，脑水含量最高达（83．89±0．04），脑损伤深达海马下结构、脑干。结论轻、中、重3种不同损伤程度的脑损伤模型能够复制，具有损伤程度稳定且与人类脑损伤后病理变化相似的特点。

Objective To establish the graded fluid percussion models of brain injury in rats and compare their pathological changes. Methods The fluid percussion models of brain injury in rats were es- tablished by using the improved device with three kinds of impact pressure of 0. 1,0. 2 and 0. 3 MPa, and vital signs and mortality rate were observed. Behavior changes, brain water content and histological changes were observed by Shapira and Wahld method, dry-wet measure and light microscopy at 1st, 6th, 12th, 24th h, and 3rd, 7th day after operation respectively. Results The animals subject to impact pressure of 0. 1 MPa showed temporary hypopnea with mortality rate of 2. 08% , those to 0. 2 MPa suffered apnoea of （ 10. 88±2. 69） s with mortality rate of 4. 17%, and those to 0. 3 MPa suffered apnoea of （20. 60±3. 02） s with mortality rate of 16. 67%. Wih the impact pressure increased, nervous function score was minimumally decreased to （7.17±0. 75） in 0. 1 MPa group, （4. 83±0. 75） in 0. 2 MPa group and （2. 67±0.52） in 0. 3 MPa group respectively, and recovered more slowly. Brain water content maximumly reached to （81.12 ±0.03）, （82. 74 ±1.11 ） and （83.89±0. 04） at 24 h, respectively. The brain injury was involved in the outer layer of cerebral cortex, hippoeampal formation and brain stem, and histological observation verified above findings. Conclusion Graded fluid percussion model of brain injury in rats can be produced stabily with the same pathological characteristics as those of human.