黄土高原沟壑区藻类结皮的水土保持效应

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation of Algae Crust in Hilly and Gully Regions on Loess Plateau

从降雨径流、水分蒸发两方面探讨黄土高原沟壑区藻类结皮的水土保持效应。结果表明:①藻类结皮可显著增加0-10cm土层内土壤孔隙度,最大增加幅度总孔隙度为7.4%,毛管孔隙度为14.2%;对更深土层的土壤孔隙度无显著影响。②荒草坡、樟子松林和油松林3种植被类型下,有藻类结皮试验区径流量与无结皮对照区有显著差异,径流量分别减少了28.1%～32.5%、34.4%～43.1%和30.8%～31.6%。③3种植被类型下,藻类结皮的土壤侵蚀量与无结皮对照土壤侵蚀量有显著差异,分别比无结皮区土壤侵蚀量减少了58.8%～70.6%,48.9%～62.6%和38.3%～57.1%。④通过逐步回归分析,建立了不同植被类型下藻类结皮的径流量、土壤侵蚀量与降雨因子的回归方程。⑤藻类结皮对土壤水分变化的影响土层为20-60cm,在该范围内藻类结皮的土壤含水量显著高于无结皮区。

The effect of soil and water conservation of algae crust widespread in hilly and gully regions on Loess Plateau had been researched from two aspects which were rainfall infiltration-runoff and evaporation of soil water.The results were as follows： ①Algae crust could increase the 0-10 cm depth soil porosity.The maximum increase of total porosity was 7.4%,and the capillary was 14.2%.Algae crust had no significant effect on the soil porosity of the deeper layer.②In wasterland,mongolian scotch pine and Chinese pine forest,the runoff between the algae crust and non-crust had a significant difference.Compared with the runoff of non-crust,the runoff of algae crust in the three types of vegetation reduced by 28.1%～32.5%,34.4%～43.1% and 30.8%～31.6%.③In the three types vegetation,the amount of soil erosion between algae crust and non-crust had a significant difference.Compared with the amount of soil erosion of non-crust,the amount of soil erosion of algae crust in the three types of vegetation reduced by 58.8%～70.6%,48.9%～62.6% and 38.3%～57.1%.④By stepwise regression analysis,the different regression equations between runoff,soil erosion of algae crust and rainfall factor in different vegetation types could be obtained.⑤The soil moisture of 20-60 cm depth could be affect by algae crust.In this depth the soil moisture of algae crust was significantly higher than non-crust zone.