污泥厌氧消化预处理技术综述

Review on Pretreatment of Anaerobic Sludge Digestion

全球环境问题已成为国际社会关注的焦点,围绕全球气候变化,降低温室气体排放,寻求再生能源,节能减排已成为目前国际科技发展的方向。通过"十一五"污水处理厂的建设,每年污泥产量已接近3000万吨(含水率80%脱水污泥计)以上,且以每年10%的速度递增。其处理与处置是制约社会经济发展的重要问题。但是,城市污泥蕴含有大量生物质能,通过借鉴国外先进技术与经验,开发城市污泥生物质能提取和利用技术,对我国节能减排具有重要战略意义。由于细胞壁的存在,使得污泥水解成为限制厌氧消化效率的重要瓶颈,而污泥强化预处理可有效提高污泥细胞壁的破坏,溶出胞内有机物,最大化回收剩余污泥中的有机能源。目前,预处理技术较多,如超声波预处理、热处理、微波预处理、碱解处理、臭氧预处理等,本文从物理、化学等角度分析了不同预处理对厌氧消化技术的影响。

Global environment problem has become the focus of attention of international society. Focusing on global climate change, the respects such as reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, searching for renewable energy as well as energy-saving have become the development trend of international science and technology. Resulting from the development of sewage treatment plants during the 1 lth Five-year Plan, the annual sludge production is closed to 30 million tons （dewatered sludge with 80% moisture content） , which is increasing at a rate of 10%. Treatment and disposal of the sludge restrict the development of society and economic. As we know, domestic sludge contains a lot of biomass energy. It is meaningful strategically for energy-saving and emission-reducing in China to develop technologies of extraction and utilization of biomass energy from domestic sludge by referring advanced technology and experience abroad. Hydrolysis is an important bottleneck restricting the anaerobic digestion due to the existence of eytoderm. Reinforced pretreatment of sludge may effectively break cytoderm and release intracellular organic matter so as to maximize recovering of the biomass energy from sludge. There are different sorts of pretreatment technology such as ultrasonic pretreatment, thermal treatment, microwave treatment, alkaline hydrolysis and ozonation pretreatment. Effects of different pretreatment on anaerobic digestion are analyzed physically and chemically in this paper.