窄缝消能工水力特性的数值模拟与试验研究

Numerical simulation and experimental study on the characteristics of slit-type energy dissipater in high arch dam

本文对高拱坝深孔窄缝消能工的有压洞段及出口的压力、沿程水面线、沿程流速分布、水舌入水角度、水垫塘底板的动水压力分布等水力要素进行了研究,采用基于VOF两相流的标准k-ε双方程紊流数学模型对各水力要素进行了数值模拟,并与模型试验结果进行比较。结果表明:数值模拟结果与模型试验吻合良好,说明利用该数学模型模拟窄缝收缩段、空中射流水舌及水垫塘的水力特性是可行的。利用抛射体理论计算公式得到各种形式下水舌进入水垫塘的运动轨迹、入射角及入射流速,弥补了模型试验中无法测量空中水舌流速分布的不足,可以为工程设计及应用提供一定的参考依据。

The standard k-ε two-equation model for turbulent flow with VOF method was applied to simulate the important hydraulic factors such as pressure distribution in the discharge tunnel and on the wall of slit-type energy dissipater, water boundary profile, velocity distribution, water entry angle, and hydrodynamic pressure on the bottom of plunge pool. The results of numerical simulation were in good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, projectile motion theory was employed to calculate the track of water motion, angle of incidence in different conditions, which could overcome the shortage of flow velocity measurement in physical models.