高浓度制药废水毒性与SPAC反应器运行性能

Toxicity of high-sulfate pharmaceutical wastewater and performance of SPAC process

采用发光细菌法测试了高浓度硫酸盐制药废水中典型污染物(硫酸盐)、转化产物(硫化物)、供试制药废水原水、稀释6倍厌氧处理出水和稀释3倍厌氧处理出水的毒性,硫酸盐、硫化物的半抑制浓度分别为12077.8、78.1mg.L-1;供试制药废水原水、稀释6倍厌氧生物处理出水和稀释3倍厌氧生物处理出水的半抑制浓度分别为64.5、44.7和78.9倍。试验了SPAC厌氧反应器处理高浓度硫酸盐制药废水的运行性能,高浓度低流量运行时,反应器最大容积COD、硫酸盐(以SO24-计,下同)去除速率分别为5.76、1.83kg.m-3.d-1,COD和硫酸盐去除率分别为54.1%和71.8%;低浓度高流量运行时,反应器的最大容积COD、硫酸盐去除速率分别为7.52、1.90kg.m-3.d-1,COD和硫酸盐去除率分别为72.8%和80.0%。低浓度高流量运行更易使反应器取得高效。试验了SPAC厌氧反应器对高浓度硫酸盐制药废水毒性抑制的适应性能,运试初期宜将废水稀释5.13倍以上,运试后期可将原水稀释3.32倍。

The acute toxicity of typical pollutants（sulfate and sulfide）in high-sulfate pharmaceutical wastewater and effluent from SPAC reactor was tested using the 15 min half inhibitory concentration（IC50）to photobacterium.The results showed that the IC50 of sulfate and sulfide was 12077.8,78.1 mg·L^-1respectively;the IC50 of raw pharmaceutical wastewater,effluents from SPAC reactor with influents of 6-fold and 3-fold dilution were 64.5,44.7 and 78.9 times,respectively.The maximum volumetric COD,sulfate removal rates of SPAC reactor were 5.76,1.83 kg·m^-3·d^-1OD and sulfate removal efficiency were 54.1% and 71.8% when the influent concentration was increased at a fixed HRT;the maximum volume COD,sulfate removal rates were 7.52,1.90 kg·m^-3·d^-1OD and sulfate removal efficiency was 72.8% and 80.0% when the HRT was shortened at a fixed influent concentration.Low concentrations with high-flow rate made SAPC reactor run more efficiently.If the influent concentration exceeds inhibition concentration threshold,the pharmaceutical wastewater has a significant effect on performance of SPAC reactor.However,SPAC process showed a good ability to adapt the toxicity of high-sulfate pharmaceutical wastewater after a long term operation（about 3 months）.The raw pharmaceutical wastewater should be diluted more than 5.13 folds to avoid the inhibition at the beginning of operation,while influent concentration could be increased to a dilution of 3.32-fold to cut the operation cost in the later.