试论竞争性与非竞争性二元结构的高校科研资助体系

The Dual System of Financial Support for University R&D: Rivalrousness and Non-rivalrousness

本文从理论和政策实践两个维度,探讨了以高校为对象的竞争性与非竞争性二元结构的政府科研资助体系。从理论上说,政府的资助要同时满足国家、高校、科学家三个层面的需求,单一的竞争性模式难以完成这个任务,必须引入非竞争性的资助模式作为资助机制的补充。中央高校基本科研业务费在实践上开启了二元结构的资助模式,对高校的发展将产生深远的影响。二元结构的资助体系尚需时间探索和磨合,现有非竞争性模式在资助比例、资助对象、评价体系,资源配置等问题上还有探讨的余地。

This article discusses about the system of government financial support for university R＆D by two different ways, namely the rivalrousness and non -rivalrousness. Theoretically speaking, the financial support should satisfy the different requirements of country, university and scientist, but the rivalrous way cannot fulfill this assignment alone, so it is necessary to adopt the non - rivalrousness. Fundamental Research Fund for Central Universities is the beginning of the dual system in practice ; it will have extensive influence on universities. However, there are some problems remained still in financial support system, such as the proportion, the targets, the evaluation system and the resource allocation, etc.