北京市中小学生蛔虫病防治效果及其对策分析

Research of prevention effect and control policies of ascariasis in students in Beijing during the past 60 years

目的分析建国60 a北京市中小学生蛔虫感染控制相关政策、措施的效果,为开展蠕虫病防控提供可借鉴经验。方法对建国以来北京市学生粪便蛔虫感染率监测结果和全国学生体质健康调研北京地区粪便蛔虫检验结果进行汇总分析。结果建国初期北京市中小学生中蛔虫感染情况非常普遍,20世纪50年代城市学生蛔虫感染率为84.95%,20世纪60年代城市、农村蛔虫感染率分别为80.74%和94.94%。从20世纪70年代起,北京市学生蛔虫感染率明显下降。尤其是自1990年起蛔虫感染率下降幅度明显高于历史任何时期。2000年以后北京市学生蛔虫感染率处于低水平,其中2005年城市学生粪便蛔虫卵检出率为0;2010年农村学生蛔虫感染率为0。结论蛔虫病已经不是北京市学生的主要健康问题。实施有组织的集体驱蛔、全面开展改水改厕、广泛开展健康教育是有效降低蛔虫感染率的关键措施。

Objective To analyze control policies and prevention effect of ascaris infection in Beijing during the past 60 years, and to provide referential experience for governments carrying out ascariasis and similar disease prevention and control. Methods The ascaris infection monitoring results since the founding of new China was collected and analyzed, as well as the stool test results of ascaris during national student physical health survey in Beijing area. Results The infection of ascarisis was popular at the founding of new China. The detection rate was 84.95% ,80.74% and 94.94% for urban students in 1950s,urban and rural ones in 1960s, respectively. Since 1970s, ascaris infection rate of students was decreased in Beijing, 1990s dropped significantly than at any time in history, after 2000, infection rate of ascaris among Beijing student was at a very low level. The detection rate was 0 for urban students in 2005 and rural students in 2010. Conclusion Ascariasis is not a major health problem of students in Bei- jing any more. The key measures which effectively reduce ascaris infection rate are as follows： effectively collective expulsion of ascaris, comprehen- sive changes water lavatory and extensively health education in Beijing.