广州市越秀区2006-2010年水痘聚集性疫情流行特征

Epidemiologic characters of varicella aggregation outbreaks from 2006 to 2010 in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou

目的了解广州市越秀区托幼机构及各中小学水痘聚集性疫情的流行病学特征,为控制集体单位的水痘聚集性疫情提供参考依据。方法以各级学校校医、卫生教师电话报告及网络报告的方式收集病例,对越秀区2006-2010年中小学校和幼托机构水痘聚集性疫情资料进行分析。结果越秀区2006-2010年托幼机构及各中小学校共报告水痘聚集性疫情98起(中学41起,小学49起,幼儿园8起);其中达到上报突发公共卫生事件标准的聚集性疫情共计18起,以小学报告为主(11起)。2006,2007年水痘聚集性疫情报告起数较多。5 a累计发病1 149例,无死亡病例,年平均罹患率为0.97%,其中男生罹患率为1.09%,女生为0.85%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=17.66,P<0.01)。水痘聚集性疫情报告主要集中在3,4和12月。聚集性疫情持续时间最长109 d,最短2 d,平均19 d;托幼机构、小学、中学发生水痘疫情的班级最高罹患率分别达42.4%,44.19%和46.49%。病例中有水痘疫苗免疫史的占34.64%(398/1 149),无免疫史的占25.67%,免疫史不详的占39.67%。结论越秀区托幼机构及中小学水痘聚集性疫情在2006、2007年相对活跃。应加大各种预防控制措施的落实力度,避免暴发疫情的发生。

Objective To study the aggregation epidemic and public health emergencies characteristics of varicella among elementary, mid- dle schools and kindergartens in Yuexiu District in Guangzhou. Methods Data on the varicella reported cases by phonecall from school doctor or through the network were analyzed with descriptive study methods. Results There were 98 outbreaks of varicella, involving 41 out-breaks in middle schools, 49 outbreaks in elementary, and 8 outbreaks in kindergartens. Among them, there were 18 outbreaks which reach the standard of public health emergencies, accounting for 18.37% （18/98） , while most elementary be reported, accounting for 61.11% （11/18）. The aggregation out- breaks of varicella have been reported from several large in 2006 and 2007, accounted for 29.59% and 28.57%. A total of 1 149 cases of varicella were reported in the past five years, with no deaths. The annual average attack rate was O. 97% （ 1 149/118 049）. Differences of the prevalence be- tween male （ 1.09 % ） and female （ O. 85 % ） was statistically significant （X2 = 17.66, P〈0.01 ）. Most of outbreaks were reported in March, Apirl and December. Varicella out-breaks lasted for 109 days at most and 2 days at least, median 19d. The highest prevalence of each class of varicella out- breaks in kindergartens, elementary and middle schools were up to 42.4%, 44.19% and 46.49%. The percentage of varicella cases with varicella vaccine（ VarV） history accounted for 34.64% （398/1 149） ; without VarV history accounted for 25.67 %, and with VarV history unknown was 39.67%. Conclusion The prevalence of varicella outbreaks is relatively active in 2006 and 2007. Efforts should be taken to implement prevention and control measures.