豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白替代部分鱼粉对鲤鱼生长性能的影响

Effect of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by pea protein isolate and pea protein concentrate on the growth performance of juvenile carp(Cyprinus carpio Var.Jian)

分别采用豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白替代饲料中33%、66%和100%鱼粉(对照组鱼粉10%)配制与对照组等氮、等能、等赖氨酸、等蛋氨酸和有效磷的试验饲料(其中豌豆分离蛋白用量3%、6%和9%,豌豆浓缩蛋白用量4.5%、9%和13.5%),饲养初始体重(18.53±0.35)g的建鲤75 d。结果表明:豌豆分离蛋白替代100%鱼粉组增重和特定生长率显著高于、饲料系数显著低于对照组(P<0.05),其余处理组与对照组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。两种豌豆蛋白替代鱼粉对成活率、肥满度和肠长指数无显著影响(P>0.05),但显著影响肝胰脏指数,其中豌豆分离蛋白替代100%鱼粉组和豌豆浓缩蛋白组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。豌豆浓缩蛋白替代100%鱼粉组可观察到对适口性有不良影响。由上述结果可得出,豌豆分离蛋白和豌豆浓缩蛋白均可作为鲤鱼料的蛋白源,本试验条件下,以生长性能为标识结合适口性推荐豌豆分离蛋白可完全替代鱼粉,适宜用量9%;豌豆浓缩蛋白可替代33%鱼粉,适宜用量4.5%。

The study investigated the effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by pea protein isolate（PPI） and pea protein concentrate（PPC） on the growth performance of juvenile carp（Cyprinus carpio Var.）.The six tested diets with fish meal were substituted by 33%,66% and 100% PPI and PPC respectively（the control diet contained 10% fish meal）.All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric（the tested diets supplemented with free lysine and methionine in keeping with the control,and the available phosphorus in accordance with the control,too）.Triplicate groups of carp（18.53 g initial weight）were kept in cages（1.0 m×2.0 m×1.6 m）for 75 days.The results showed that weight gain（WG）and specific growth rate（SGR） in fish fed the diets with fish meal substituted 100% by PPI was significantly higher,and feed conversion ratio（FCR）was significantly lower compared with the control group（P0.05）.There was no significant difference between the others.PPI and PPC levels had significant effects on carp hepatosomatic index（HSI）,while no significant differences were observed in the survival rate,conditional factor（FC） and intestine length/body length.HSI in fish given the diets with fish meal substituted 100% by PPI protein and by any of PPC was lower than that of control group（P0.05）.The utilization of PPC was confined greatly in the formula because of its strong beany flavor and slight bitter taste.In summary,in a diet for juvenile carps with fish meal of 10%,PPI and PPC can be respectively used to replace 100% and 33% of fish meal without negative effect on growth performance.