松花江流域年降水和四季降水变化特征分析

Variation of Characteristics of Annual Precipitation and Seasonal Precipitation in Songhuajiang River Basin

利用松花江流域35个气象站1960～2010年的降水资料，采用协克里格插值法、线性倾向估计方法以及M—K秩次相关法等．分析了流域年降水和四季降水的时空变化特征。结果表明：（1）流域年降水由东部向西部递减。51年来流域大部分地区年降水呈不显著减少趋势。（2）流域春季降水呈不显著增加趋势。夏季呈不显著减少趋势，秋季呈不显著减少趋势，冬季降水呈显著增加趋势。（3）流域四季降水在二松源头地区一带较大，流域西部地区降水较少，松花江中下游两侧地区居中。（4）春季，流域大部分地区降水增加．但不显著。夏季，大部分地区降水减少，但不显著。秋季，全流域降水呈不显著减少趋势。冬季．全流域呈增加趋势，且绝大部分地区显著增加。（5）嫩江流域、松花江流域年降水一径流关系发生显著变化的时间是1974年、1980年和1999年。

In order to illustrate and analyze the temporal and spatial variation of characteristics of annual precipitation and seasonal precipitation in the Songhuajiang River Basin, the precipitation data were interpolated with Co-Kriging interpolation method based of the precipitation data of the 35 meteorological stations in the Songhuajiang River Basin from 1960 to 2010.. The linear trend method and Mann-Kendall （M-K） test were applied to examine the trend of precipitation. The results show that 1） The annual precipitation decreases from eastern part to western part, which indicates an indistinct decreasing trend in most of the basin area in recent 51 years; 2） The spring precipitation indicates an indistinct increasing trend, the summer precipitation indicates an indistinct decreasing trend, the autumn precipitation indicates an indistinct decreasing trend, and the winter precipitation indicates a significant increasing trend; 3） The seasonal precipitation are abundant in the source area of the Second Songhuajiang River, they are less abundant in both sides of lower-middle reaches of the Songhuajiang River, and the seasonal precipitation in western basin area are the least; 4） The spring precipitation increases in most parts of basin, but not significant. In summer, the precipitation in most area decreases, but not significant. The autumn precipitation all over the basin indicates an indistinct decreasing trend. In winter, the whole basin indicates an increasing trend and most of the basin increases significantly; 5）The double-mass curve between annual precipitation and runoff has changed evidently in 1974, 1980 and 1999 in the river basins of Nenjiang and Songhuajiang.