黄河干流梯级开发构架与泥沙控制布局研究

Analysis of Yellow River Cascade Development Frame and Sediment Regulation Plans

大量实测资料分析表明,黄河流域主要的产沙区间为河口镇至潼关区间,黄河支流按入黄沙量大小排序为渭河、无定河、窟野河、北洛河、祖厉河、皇甫川、延河、清涧河、洮河、汾河等。对黄河干流36个梯级开发工程、13条主要来沙支流224座水库研究表明,干流龙羊峡、刘家峡、大柳树、碛口、古贤、三门峡、小浪底等七大骨干工程的总库容为944.97亿m3,总有效库容为472.26亿m3,拦沙库容为466.65亿m3,分别占36个梯级水库拦沙总库容的91%9、3%、90%。小浪底水库虽然具有巨大的拦沙库容,但是其上游水库或者未建、或者淤满、或者位于来沙区上游,因此其拦沙压力巨大,剩余拦沙年限仅10余年。小浪底水库淤满后,黄河泥沙将失去控制,会对黄河下游防洪构成危害。

Analysis of mass measured data showed that space interval from Hekouzhen to Tongguan is the main sedimentation formation area of the Yellow River Basin.The sequence of tributaries sorted by sediment amount entering into the Yellow River is as follows： Weihe River Wuding River,Kuye River,Beiluo River,Zuli River,Huangpuchuan,Yanhe River,Qingjian River,Taohe River and Fenhe River.Study of 224 reservoirs of 36 cascades on mainstream and 13 main sediment incoming tributaries of the Yellow River show that the total reservoir capacity is 94.497 billion m3 of seven major projects which are Longyangxia,Liujiaxia,Daliushu,Qikou,Guxian,Sanmenxia and Xiaolangdi reservoir,and the effective reservoir capacity is 47.226 billion m3 as well as the sediment storage capacity is 46.665 billion m3,with the percentage of 91%,93% and 90% in the total capacity of the 36 cascades respectively.Though Xiaolangdi Reservoir has great sediment storage capacity,the reservoirs on upper reaches has not been built,and some reservoirs has been silt up,and some reservoirs were located upstream of the sediment incoming area.Therefore,the sediment retaining capability of Xiaolangdi reservoir is limited and the sediment retain age limit is only a little more than ten years.After Xiaolangdi reservoir is silt up,the sediment of the Yellow River will be out of control and it will have risk to flood contol of the Lower Yellow River.