ICU护士工作压力源、疲倦感及血压、血糖和血脂的变化特点

Characteristics of Job Stressors,Fatigue and Change of Blood Pressure,Blood Glucose and Lipid among ICU Nurses

目的探讨ICU护士工作压力源、疲倦感及血压、血糖和血脂的变化特点。方法选择参加2011年春季体检的沈阳军区总医院和解放军第463医院的临床护理人员84名为研究对象,其中ICU护士42名,门诊护士42名。采用现场1∶1配对方法(配对条件为:相同年龄、护龄、目前岗位工作时间、性别、职称及文化程度),比较两组护士护士工作压力源评分、Maslach工作疲倦感量表(Maslach burnout inventory,MBI)评分情况,并分析其血压、血糖、血脂等项体检结果。结果 ICU护士"护士工作压力源"量表各子条目评分及总分均明显高于门诊护士(P<0.01或P<0.05)。ICU护士的情绪枯竭、去人格化倾向等维度评分均明显高于门诊护士,而个人工作成就感维度分则显著低于后者(P<0.01)。ICU组护士的收缩压和舒张压均值均明显高于门诊护士(P<0.05)。且其空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hpostprudial plas-ma glucose,2hPG)和三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)水平均明显高于门诊护士,而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipopro-tein cholesterol,HDL-C)水平则低于后者(P<0.05)。结论门诊护理工作人员护理工作量及劳动强度相对较小,而大医院ICU从业护士工作压力源较大,疲倦感表现突出,存在着血压、血糖和血脂增高的趋向。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of job stressors and fatigue and its influence on blood pressure,blood glucose and lipid among ICU nurses.Methods Eighty-four clinical nurses who participated in the physical examination of the two hospitals in the spring of 2011 were enrolled in the research,including 42 ICU nurses and 42 outpatient nurses.Using on-site 1∶1 pairing method（depending on the same age,nurse-job seniority,working time in current position,sex,professional title,and educational level）,the scores of nurse job stressors questionnaire and Maslach burnout inventory（MBI） were evaluated and the data of blood pressure,blood glucose and lipid were analyzed.Results Nurse job stressors questionnaire demonstrated that the scores of all sub-items and total scores in the ICU group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P0.05 or P0.01）.MBI outcomes demonstrated that dimensional scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in the ICU group were significantly higher than those in the control group,but the dimensional score of personal accomplishment feeling in the ICU group was lower than that in the control group（P0.01）.The systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in the ICU group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P0.05）;while,fasting plasma glucose（FPG）,2 h postprudial plasma glucose（2hPG） and triglyceride（TC） levels in the ICU group were significantly higher than those in the control group;but,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） level in the ICU group was significantly lower than that in the control group（P0.05）.Conclusion Compared with outpatient nurses,the levels of job stressors and fatigue are high among the ICU nurses from large-scale hospitals,and there is an increasing trend in their blood pressure,blood glucose and lipid.