南昌市居民吸烟现状及影响因素分析

Smoking Status and Influencing Factors among Residents in Nanchang City

目的了解南昌市社区居民的吸烟现状,分析影响吸烟的因素,为制定控烟干预措施提供依据。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法,随机抽取南昌市15岁及以上常住居民956例,调查其吸烟现状,采用Logistic回归分析对吸烟的影响因素进行分析。结果调查对象的平均年龄为(33.22±13.23)岁,其中男性562人占58.8%,年人均家庭经济收入以1～2万为主占34.1%。吸烟率为37.97%,吸烟者平均年龄为(38.18±13.58)岁,平均吸烟(11.97±9.12)支.d-1,80.9%的吸烟者意识到烟雾会危害他人的健康。影响吸烟的因素包括:性别(β=-2.241,P=0.000)、介意周围人吸烟(β=1.753,P=0.000)、家中对吸烟的限制(β=-0.358,P=0.000)、单位内吸烟情况(β=0.287,P=0.000)。结论调查对象男性较多,吸烟率较高,室内吸烟者较多,家庭与单位的控烟环境较为宽松;多数公共场所虽然有禁烟标识,但在公共场所吸烟者仍有相当高的比例,香烟广告或变相广告仍然充满了社会环境,吸烟影响因素多,提高居民的文化素质、营造无烟的环境对于降低吸烟具有十分重要的意义。

Objective To investigate the possible causes of smoking among residents in Nanchang city,and to provide the basis for the development of smoking control.Methods Smoking status was investigated in 956 inhabitants aged 15 and above using stratified cluster sampling and the influencing factors were analyzed using Logistic regression analysis.Results The average age of the subjects（58.8% male） was（33.22±13.23） years and 34.1% of the subjects had annual per capita family income of 10 000-20 000 yuan.The average age of smoking was（38.18±13.58）years and smoking rate was 37.97%,with a smoking quantity of（11.97±9.12） cigarettes per day.A total of 80.9% of smokers realized that the smoke could endanger health of others.The factors influencing smoking included gender（β=-2.241,P=0.000）,minding people smoking around（β=1.753,P=0.000）,restrictions on smoking at home（β=-0.358,P=0.000） and smoking status in the workplace（β=0.287,P=0.000）.Conclusion The majority of the subjects are male.The prevalence of cigarette smoking is high and the number of indoor smokers is large among the subjects.Restrictions on smoking are lenient at home and in the workplace.Although no-smoking signs are placed,the prevalence of smoking is very high in public areas and open or disguised cigarette advertising are still pervasive in social environment.Therefore,the improvement of cultural quality of residents and establishment of smoke-free environment are of great significance for reducing smoking.