论苏轼簪花的大乐与小乐——《吉祥寺赏牡丹》的文化学阐释

Su Shi’s Public Pleasure and Private Pleasure in Flower Appreciation——Interpretation of Appreciating Peonies in Jixiang Temple from Perspective of Cultural Studies

苏轼在其诗中多次描写过男子簪花的习俗。其中,以诗歌《吉祥寺赏牡丹》最具特色。这首诗仅用了短短的二十八字就向我们描绘了一幅众人簪花的情景,展示了一位性格饱满的苏轼。他既享受着与万民同乐的人生大乐,又追求着观览山水、自适自足的小乐。他既保持了强烈的淑世情怀,是儒家仁政的坚守者,又吸收了释、老"万物齐一"的思想,是"为老不尊"的叛逆者。这种能入能出、舒卷自如的人生境界,既是对儒家思想的坚守,又是对佛道思想的吸收,最终形成了他圆通自足的文化性格。

Su Shi’s poem Appreciating Peonies in Jixiang Temple is the most distinct among his numerous descriptions of which the theme is on men’s admiring flowers. This poem, though as short as containing only twenty-eight characters, not only vividly depicts a scene that people are enjoying beautiful flowers, but also perfectly displays the poet’s complex and flexible personality, that is, when viewing natural sights, he shared that general pleasure with the public, whereas he indulged himself in his private happiness. While Su Shi firmly upheld the principle of benevolent government as a Confucian, which manifested his strong sense of social responsibility, he was a 'dishonored' rebel, deeply influenced by thoughts of Buddhism and Taoism that all are actually similar in spite of the fact that they appear to be different from one another. Such was the way in which Su Shi’s cultural character was constructed.