中国农业科技创新政策目标设定与实现情况分析

Analysis on the Policy Objects Setting and Achievement of Chinese Agricultural Technology Innovation

在回顾改革开放以来农业科技创新各项政策目标设定基础上,对我国农业科技创新宏观政策目标的实现情况进行分析。结果表明,我国农业科技创新在目标设定中存在定位不清问题,实际创新活动未能充分实现现有保障国家食物安全、优化农业和农村经济结构、提高农业效益、增加农民收入、改善农村生态环境、提高我国农业国际竞争力的政策目标。建议应该更准确地对农业科技创新功能作用进行定位,不应过分夸大其作用和功能,而应该将其仅仅作为实现人们多元目标的一种手段。同时,应该深入认识农业科技创新的内在规律,针对不同内容制定不同政策目标,采用不同管理方法。另外,在农业科技创新、推广政策制定和执行的全过程中应该更多地强调农业科技应用者参与,以便更加直接地将现实问题与科技创新及推广活动联系起来,从而增强农业科技创新及推广政策与活动效果,避免农业科技及对农业科技利用异化现象。

Based on the review of the agricultural technology innovation policy goal setting of the last 40 years,the paper analyses its achievement.Result shows that there are many problems in the agricultural technology innovation system.The policy objects were unclear;The innovation activities couldn＇t achieve the policy objects fully;The innovation couldn＇t guarantee the national food safety,optimize the agricultural and rural economic structure,increase the agricultural benefit,elevate the income of peasants,improve the rural ecological environment and increase the agricultural international competitiveness.Suggestions are put forward：（1）The function of agricultural technology innovation should not be exaggerated but be located accurately as a mean to achieve multiple targets;（2） The methods of the agricultural technology innovation and extension should be explored deeply,and different management means should be used for different innovation object and content.（3） To strengthen the connection between the innovation and the practice,to improve the effect of agricultural technology innovation policy and activities,and to avoid the alienation of the agricultural technology,the participation of applicators of agricultural technology should be emphasized in the whole process of the policy formulation and implementation.