关于教育的经验研究:实证与事后解释

Experience Research about Education:Empirical Study and Ex Post Facto Interpretation

开展经验研究是推进教育科学理论建设的重要手段。实证研究是一种重要的经验研究方法,其功能在于用经验材料对提出的理论假说进行检验,将其混同于"定量"的研究是认识上的误区。事后解释是教育经验研究中常见的一类研究方式和文本,诸如质的研究、比较研究和历史研究等都属于事后解释的方法。事后解释也试图回答"是怎样的"和"为什么"的问题,只不过是以"观察—解释"而不是"假说—检验"的方式来回答。所有基于经验材料建构的理论解释都是思辨的产物,必须诉诸经验的检验,检验方式既包括逻辑的也包括实践的。

To carry out experience research is an important means to promote the construction of educational theories. Empirical study is an important method of experience research, whose function is to use the empirical materials to test the theoretical hypothesis. It is a cognitional misunderstanding to confuse it with ＂quantitative＂ research. Ex Post Facto Interpretation is the commonly used research method and text in educational experience research, such as the qualitative research, comparative study and historical research all belong to the method of Ex Post Facto Interpretation. Ex Post Facto Interpretation also attempts to answer the questions as ＂what is being＂ and ＂why＂, however, it aims to answer in the way of ＂observation -interpretation＂ rather than ＂hypothesis-testing＂. All the theoretical interpretations constructed based on empirical materials are the products of speculation and must be tested by experiences that include both logical and practical test methods.