美国教师聘任管理改革探析

Exploration of Teacher Employment Management Reform in America

美国教师聘任管理权力架构清楚、权责分明,立法管理教师聘任环节程序规范、决策审慎,"集权式"和"市场式"相结合的教师资格标准保障新进教师的质量,聘任的双重合同有效保障了教师的合法权益,教师职级制度体现了专业能力与岗位、薪酬的对应,这些举措有利于促进教师的专业发展。借鉴美国经验,我国教师管理改革应明确各级政府、学校和教师在聘任管理中的权利、责任与义务,改革并完善相关法律规定,建立按照学校和学科分类、非终身、开放式的职业资格认定制度,建立基于标准的晋升考试与考核评价制度,建立教师退出机制。

Teacher employment management in America has clear power structure, distinct defined roles and responsibility. Its legislative management of teacher employment links has legal procedural and careful decision-making. The teachers＂ qualification standards, which combine ＂centralized type＂ with ＂market-style＂, have strictly secured the quality of new teachers. The dual employment contract has effectively safeguarded teachers/ lawful rights and interests. Teachers＂ career ladder system has embodied the professional ability and the corresponding position and salary. All of these are helpful for promoting teacher＇s professional development. Learning from American experience, teacher management reform in China should be clear at all levels of government, schools and teachers in the employment management rights, responsibilities and duties. The relevant laws and regulations should be reformed and perfected. The non-tenured, open professional qualification certified system should be established according to schools and subject categories, the standards-based promotion and appraisal system should be set up, the teacher exit mechanism should be established.