著作财产权客体结构中的使用行为——审视著作权法权利作用“焦点”的一个阐释进路

Use in the Objective Structure of Copyright as Property:An Explanation Approach on the Focus of Copyrights Law Function

知识产权客体是一种多重构造体系,除涵盖知识产权处分客体(知识产权利益)以外,还存在知识产权支配客体(使用行为)与行为客体(抽象物)之分。就著作财产权而言,权利作用"焦点"的行为客体路径更多制造的是表述模糊的历史性概念,在权利边界的设定方式上难以限定,并不能一劳永逸地解决著作财产权的权利作用"焦点"困境。著作财产权的支配权能并非指向独占之作品,而是限制他人对作品的某些使用行为。支配客体(使用行为)路径始终贯穿于著作财产权的权利作用"焦点"思路当中。在反思著作财产权的支配客体,对使用行为进行定性与价值判断时,应避免时下"合理使用"原则、"三步检验法"传统规则的价值偏向与闭合趋势。使用行为的"商业性"和"公开性"(即"公"、"私"区分)作为"合理使用"原则、"三步检验法"等使用行为定性及价值判断基准仍具有重要的补充和参考作用。

The objects of intellectual property is a multilayer system including not only the object of disposal,but also object of controlling and object of act.for copyright,the focus of function of rights as object of act is a ambiguous historical concept and difficult to delaminate.The object of controlling directs not the exclusive work,but prohibit several use by others.The object of controlling exists in the focus of function of rights throughout the whole process of copyrights.In the reflection of object of copyrights and define the act of use,it is necessary to avoid close interpretation of traditional values like reasonable use and three-step examination.The commercial and public use of use are supplementary.