论社会多数决的适用——基于公寓大厦管理立法展开

The Application of Majority Rule:An Exploration Based on Apartment Regulation Legislation

多数决,意指视多数意志为全体意志而要求统一遵行。多数决作为民主的要核,不仅存在于政治领域,也广泛适用于社会生活。基于国家与社会的二元划分,社会多数决与政治多数决也呈现出不同的特点,社会多数决并不完全复制政治民主的理念与制度,其适用也并非是无条件、无限度的。多数决以共同体的存在为前提,且该共同体内部应有利益分化,并由此形成可流变的多数与少数。可交付多数议决的一般限于共同体特有的公务事务,排除就个人事务进行多数决,以禁止多数意志替代个人选择;对国家立法已有强制性规范的事项也不得适用社会多数决,且多数决结果不得与强行法规范相抵触。

As the core of democracy,majority rule is not only applied to political domain,but also widely used in social life.Compared with that in politics,majority rule in social life presents different characteristics based upon the binary division of state and society.It does not completely replicate the rationale and regime of political democracy.Additionally,the application of it is neither unconditional nor unlimited.The existence of a community is the premise of majority rule.There should be interior benefit differentiation in the community,which induces flowable majorities and minorities.The utilization of majority rule is generally restricted to the community＇s unique public affairs rather than personal affairs,for the purpose of preventing the situation where the majority＇s will might oppresses an individual＇s choice.With regard to statutory items ruled by mandatory regulations,majority rule is not applicable.Besides,the results of it shall not conflict with mandatory rules.